不完全标记的多个并行事务踪迹的“剥离”

新型分布式软件的多个并行处理事务导致每个事务产生的事件按随机排序,如果这些事件的标记不完全或不可用,将无法区分这些事件到底属于哪个事务.将不完全标记事件的“剥离”问题转化成偶图最大权重完全匹配问题.对于事件间的转换时间是独立等同分布的情况,将所有可能状态(事件)划分为若干个割集,每个割集构成一个偶图.在这些偶图系统中,采用所提出的偶图最大权重完全匹配的改进算法进行分散匹配,通过拼接匹配结果得到各事务产生的最可能踪迹序列.仿真实验证实:该方法可以有效实现不完全标记的事务踪迹的“剥离”;与传统的偶图匹配方法相比,改进算法具有更高的匹配效率.     

基于近似度的不完备信息系统属性约简

在容差关系下,针对属性集P在分类中的不同个体贡献,引入粗糙集的近似度概念,结合属于/不属于集合Rp(x)的元素贡献的不确定性,定义一种新的知识熵,从而实现基于近似度的不完备信息系统属性约简算法。仿真结果表明,与IEARA算法相比,该算法具有较高的约简效率。     

Evaluating methods of investment project and optimizing models of portfolio selection in fuzzy uncertainty

This paper deals with the problems of both project valuation and portfolio selection under the assumption that the investment capitals and the net cash flows of the projects are fuzzy variables. Using the credibilistic expected value and the credibilistic lower semivariance of fuzzy variables, this paper proposes both the credibilistic return index and the credibilistic risk index, which are measures of investment return and investment risk with annuity form for evaluating single project. Moreover, a composite risk-return index for selecting the optimal investment strategy is also presented. Then, we set up a general project portfolio optimization model with fuzzy returns and two specific models: triangle and interval fuzzy returns. Furthermore, we provide two algorithms: the improved heuristic rules based on genetic algorithm and the traversal algorithm. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency and the effectiveness of these proposed optimization methods.     

移动自组网中非完全信息节点风险评估

移动自组网是一种无中心、自组织以及多跳的无线网络,能否有效可靠地对通信节点进行风险评估是保障节点高质量通信的重要因素.当前基于可信度或是信誉的评估方法对评估样本都有特殊的要求,对评估对象提出种种假设,无法辨别间接样本的恶意推荐问题,在实际移动自组网中各个节点尤其是恶意节点对外暴漏的信息往往偏少,样本数量有限,无法明确判断其状态,大部分是非完全信息,从而导致评估结果缺乏客观性与可靠性.文中提出采用灰色系统理论描述通信节点非完全信息状态,根据灰类白化以及灰色聚类思想进行节点风险评估.方案针对自组网络通信需求对节点行为进行多关键属性划分,采用味集群方法收集原始样本,避免恶意推荐;将难以用数值精确刻画的关键属性以白化权函数量化,引入灰聚类的概念和计算方法,将实体的通信风险水平定义为实体关键属性值序列针对各评估灰类的聚类评估值,从而得到该实体通信风险水平的相对参考值.分析与实际计算表明该方法是一种适合移动自组网中非完全信息节点风险评估的有效方法.     

基于邻域组合测度的属性约简方法

属性约简是机器学习和知识发现的研究热点, 而属性重要性度量则是构建属性约简算法的关键环节. 针对不完备的混合型信息系统, 在邻域关系下定义了一种新的属性集成重要性度量—–邻域组合测度, 并据此提出一种基于邻域组合测度的属性约简(NCMAR) 算法. 通过多个UCI 数据集上的实验表明, NCMAR算法不仅能够直接处理符号和数值属性共存的混合信息系统, 而且适用于不完备信息系统, 在获得较小约简结果的同时, 能够保证较高的分类精度.

     

对象间差异度的限制非对称相似关系模型

经典Rough集理论主要是利用了不可分辨关系对完备信息系统进行分析的。对现有粗糙集模型进行扩充后,才可以应用于不完备信息系统。容差关系、非对称相似关系、基于对象间完备度的限制容差关系、限制非对称相似关系等是现有的扩充模型。通过分析其优点和不足之处,提出一种新的模型——对象间差异度的限制非对称相似关系模型,在该模型中,给出的知识粒度更精确,更符合实际。实例结果也证明新模型可以从不完备信息系统获取更加精确的知识粒度。     

人才测评软件设计——之瞬时记忆力测试子系统

系统地介绍了一个传统人才测评模型的计算机实现方案以及系统优化的途径。并通过与传统测评方式的比较 ,进一步阐明了新系统的灵活性、扩展性、适应性。文末分析了该人才测评子系统在幼儿启智方面的应用。     

一种提供QoS的IP/ATM路由器的设计与性能分析

该文介绍了一种多于网ＩＰ／ＡＴＭ路由器的设计方案,给出了它的软件系统框架,提出了一种ＩＰ前传机制,ＩＰ流交换,提出了一种可适应非安全循环服务规则（ＡＩＣＳ）来减轻突发性流量对时延的影响,保证端到ＱｏＳ需求,并利用计算机仿真对时延进行了性能分析。     

Measuring the economic benefits of the Youngsan River Restoration Project in Kwangju,Korea, using contingent valuation

This study examines the economic benefits of a river restoration project in the Youngsan River, Kwangju, Korea, using a contingent valuation method. It employs a spike model to address the high proportion of zero responses. The results indicate that a household's annual mean willingness to pay is KRW3410 in Kwangju and KRW1744 in other regions. The resulting benefit-cost ratio is 2.29, indicating that the project would be socially profitable, and that households appear willing to support it financially.     

Source Choice Perception and Sustainable Rural Water Supply Development: A Case Study of Ban Thadindam,Lopburi, Thailand

Abstract

This study seeks to examine source choice perception and sustainable rural water supply development in Ban Thadindam, a Thai village situated about 220 km north of Bangkok. It makes use of an elementary schematic matrix that was initially developed for the valuation of water sources as perceived by water users in East Africa. In applying the elementary choice scheme, the author interviewed the village Kamnan (district officer) and a few villagers. The results of this study show that a wide range of water supply sources was perceived by the Kamnan. Out of a practical range of six sources, four were perceived and accepted, roof (rain water), river, spring, and pond; and two were perceived but not accepted: well and canal. The reason why well and canal water sources were rejected was because of their hardness and turbidity. Of the four sources accepted, roof (rain water) was rated very favorably as the preferred choice while river, spring, and pond sources were judged equally favorable. Awareness of source choice and the conditions under which choice is made is crucial for the understanding and development of sustainable rural water supply. By adopting a wide combination of sources and integrating them to provide a rich water supply for treatment, and by taking advantage of filtration technology given by the Asian Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering Division, the villagers, with the help of the Project Managing Committee, transformed the demonstration filtration facility into a sustainable rural water supply system. The latter succeeded not only in providing adequate filtered water for the majority of the households in Ban Thadindam but also in satisfying the water requirements for the whole village for two decades. The success of the rural water supply system has been attributable to many factors, but most important was the awareness the villagers have in the understanding of the interrelations between landscape, range of choice and the interaction between community participation, technology, and environment.